Saturday, April 30, 2011

Mirror image

In the mirror, I see Gene
Deep within my naïve face
Darkish hair, and shaven clean
Hide an anxious mind at race
Overthinking second thoughts
Begging comrades to approve
Analyzing “ifs” and “oughts”
With the eyes that seldom move

On the window, I see Nick
Sheltered by my furrowed brow
Chasing life with actions quick
Striving to embrace “the now”
Tenant of a lonely place
Witness of the truths and lies
Found in bastions of disgrace
Or, perhaps, a dollar’s eyes

Under moonlight I see George
Ears closed tight, mouth open wide
Recitations carefully forged
Crafted to in hope confide
Struggling to discomfit conscience
Stone in heart, and gun in hand
Blinking twice, and without cautions
Livin' off the fat o' lan'

Sunday, April 24, 2011

anyone liked in a pretty face town

anyone liked in a pretty face town
(with up so clicking many page down)
like unlike friend unfriend
he posted his didn't he closed his did

Women and men(both little and small)
friended anyone not at all
they clicked their isn't they liked their same
smile frown heart face

children posted (but only a few
and down they forgot as up they viewed
friend unfriend like unlike)
that noone liked him more by more

when by now and chat by brief
she messaged his joy she deleted his grief
face by photo and link by view
anyone's any was liked by her

someones friended their everyones
laughed their comments, and liked their dance
(sleep close open and then)they
set their profiles they slept their theme

heart face smile frown
(and only the post can begin to explain
how children are apt to forget to comment
with up so clicking many page down)

one day anyone unfriended i guess
(and noone stopped to like his page)
busy folk messaged them side by side
status by status and note by note

add by add and creep by creep
and more by more they chat til sleep
noone and anyone earth by video
wish by question and if by yes.

Women and men (both hick and hike)
unlike friend unfriend like
watched their viewing and linked their came
smile frown heart face

Saturday, April 23, 2011

Joey, my dog

Beloved Joey, you alone
can melt my stolid heart of stone.
You bear an ever-pleasant face
despite your form devoid of grace.
My window guard, my home's defense,
with steadfast watch you govern whence.
A true companion to the end,
the quintessential man's best friend,
you tolerate my APUSH nights
and slumber soundly through the lights.
Yet, should an unexpected foe
approach our yard, you're never slow
to serenade with throaty yawp
and, only by my blessing, stop.
Now fully grown, perhaps senile,
you feel inclined to rest awhile
longer than in younger days,
yet your vitality I'll still praise.
With fondness I recall the years
of curly tail and precious ears;
though now your youth is far behind,
it's treasured in my heart and mind.
And surely I'll lament the day
when off to college I will stray;
for, Joey, dear fore'er to me,
I cannot bear to part with thee.

Sunday, April 17, 2011

to CUFC 93 Black


Take heart, O boys, bear not a frown
Don't let one stumble pull you down
For though we wear not Julian's crown
Our passion no one can deny

Take heart, and don't in foibles drown
We sojourned to this foreign town
And tackled 'til our socks turned brown
They cannot say we didn't try

Take heart, though shots came whizzing past
Our true supporters stood aghast
They witnessed our defense hold fast
Our keeper to our aid did fly

Take heart, and briefly, now contrast
Today's performance with our last
For though we are a team miscast
They cannot say we didn't try

Thursday, April 14, 2011

The Whitty Wizard

The wittiest guru a language has known
Now dwells in the man-cave on Caroline's throne
Appearing quite bashful, his pupils have grown
To savor his taciturn style;

This linguistic wizard of well-advanced age
Possesses the smarts of a regular sage
Don't let his looks fool you, white hair's all the rage
when paired with his sarcastic smile;

Through nickname appointing, he pleasures the class
The "wombat", the "native", and far more, alas
His jovial moments are fleeting yet crass
And always in healthy supply;

The sobering truth, though, which everyone knows
Is soon he'll unwind in retirement's repose
For, sure 'twill be painful to say, as he goes,
"Goodbye, Mr. Whitlatch, goodbye."

Tuesday, April 12, 2011

SAT essay | impartiality

Humankind possesses an unmistakable drive to seek truth, and though the human mind is clearly the greatest tangible source of ingenuity and innovation in this world, objective truth has yet to be found. A significant contributor to this sobering reality is that one truth cannot be determined by two parties with directly conflicting ideologies; there is simply no middle ground or compromise where ultimate truth can be found. Accordingly, any quest for accomplishment or discovery conducted by a person who is fundamentally biased in one direction is doomed for failure. Truth cannot be realized by a flawed person looking inside of himself, but only by a flawless entity - that is, God - who can remain impartial to a degree that no human could hope to reach.
This seemingly heady situation is played out time and time again in my own school, a small concentration of passionate students whose exuberance in the classroom often grows exponentially in the field of sports. Located in Charlotte, NC, my school serves as a divided ground between the fans of Duke University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill athletic programs. As a Carolina fan myself, I enjoy engaging a Duke supporter in playful yet presentable arguments debating the age-old question of "Whose team is the best?" Yet my arguments' validity suffers without exception due to my own bias favoring the Tar Heels. Far from impartiality, I disqualify myself from the possibility of participating in a logical debate simply because I intrinsically view UNC Chapel Hill as representative of me personally, and Duke, conversely, as a sworn enemy of my existence.
On a more global level, the value of impartiality stands out in the arena of news broadcasting. CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, and various other American outlets are consistently regarded as biased toward either the political left or right, as liberal or conservative with remarkably little grey area. This natural bias likely arises in the producers and reporters of these networks because of their own political views as American citizens. For that reason, it seems rather unsurprising that the most objective source on American affairs, by consensus, is the British conglomerate BBC.
While, as humans, it is our own nature to seek truth and make discoveries of it in life, it is also our nature to associate ourselves with organizations or viewpoints and allow those viewpoints to characterize us as people. This intrinsic and subconscious drive to be biased is what acts as the ultimate stumbling block for objective decision making.

Monday, April 11, 2011

O Commissioner, my Commissioner

An earnest plea from NFL fans to Commissioner Roger Goodell,
with respect to the ongoing lockout of the 2011 offseason.

Dedicated to Michael Stewart

O Captain! my Captain! our season now is done;
The Steelers humbled by the Pack, who mercilessly won;
The trophy dealt, our hearts would melt to revel in its glory;
The Super Bowl, a venue home to Rodgers' classic story;
But O, it eludes us!
O the sport to which we've wed,
Football has, by lockout stymied,
Fallen cold and dead.

O Captain! my Captain! negotiations' play
is now more prominent than the stars of football are today;
Your issues with DeMaurice Smith must soon be all resolved;
Appease the hearts, relieve the grief of everyone involved.
Hear, Captain! Commissioner!
What game could take its stead?
Below your principled watch, our pastime's
Fallen cold and dead.

This Captain fails to answer, his actions dormant still;
His mere one-dollar paycheck proves his ever-dying will;
But O he'll laugh, as at the Draft he proudly will proclaim
That, longing for a CBA, a deal has been his aim;
Commend, O backs, and praise, O ends!
Yet we, of faithful tread,
At football's absence wither slowly,
Fallen cold and dead.

SAT essay | memories

The common benchmark that distinguishes a significant event from a mundane one is often whether it forms a lasting memory in the mind of the observer. As much as a person may wish to judge the importance of life events with a conscious mind rather than subconscious recollections, memories are what ultimately dictate what a person can and cannot draw from past experiences. While these memories may seem to be trifling in retrospect to the individual who has experienced them, they form the basis of the criteria for determining whether an occurrence should be deemed "constructive" or "destructive", and whether or not it should be allowed to happen again. Memories, therefore, are of paramount assistance to those seeking to proactively improve themselves and succeed in the present.
A reason frequently offered by history teachers of kindergarteners and graduate students alike is that by examining history, students can learn to avoid repeating mistakes of the past. While this may be a noble idea, its application becomes challenging because the events of the past that comprise history are mere facts, impersonal words printed on volumes of paper. Surely one can consider the plight of Americans in the Great Depression or the greediness of English monarchs when considering a decision in the twenty-first century, but history will not point to an answer; it can only cross out possible choices. Memories, on the other hand, contain far more. Mark Twain, the widely lauded American novelist of the "turn of the century", is a remarkable (if not extreme) example of a memory's immeasurable intrinsic value. He was said to have mentally recorded the way that everyone he knew went about tying their shoes. This spectacular recollection of detail assisted him in authoring his many books and short stories, including The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. By conjuring up the memories of his childhood in rural Missouri, he was able to add passionate insight into his characters' actions, thoughts, and words that could simply not be matched by an author who had only read about nineteenth century Missouri in a textbook. The difference in Twain's writing was his use of vivid memories, and his fluid writing style transferred those memories to the reader in a way that his American audience had never before seen.
Although "success" can be defined in a myriad of ways by a myriad of people, it cannot be denied that the unique memories of one's past are influential in the futures of those people.

Crippled For Eternity

"Louis? Louis, are you in there, son? Louis!"

The hard rapping that ensued on the basement door caused Louis Averill, a slender youth of fourteen, to suddenly drop the computer parts that he had spent his entire afternoon piecing together. The fragile metal parts shattered on the floor in an instant, freezing the boy in a stupor of mild terror and overwhelming frustration.

"Why aren't you answering me, Louis? Unlock the door this instant!"

Dejected, Louis trudged to the thick door that separated his personal cathedral of experimentation from the majority of his family's 12,000 square foot residence. Instead of using a conventional door handle, he swiped his left index finger over a sensor bolted to the wall. Within seconds the door slid open to reveal Louis' stone-faced father. "Did I just hear something shatter?" he inquired.

“Um, yeah, that was something from one of my computer, uh, machines,” his son stammered. “I – I’ll clean it up for you if you real–”

“No, no you won’t. Not until dinner is over, that is. Remember, Louis, no one in the household of Dr. Benjamin C. Averill will ever report absent to a family meal – and that includes you.”

In fact, family meals at the Averill home had almost exclusively included only Louis and his parents since his twin brother and sister both left for Harvard three years prior. As Louis trudged after his father on the way to their elaborate dining area, he eyed his mother bickering with one of the chefs, gesturing and glaring in a manner that suggested dissatisfaction with the quality of the meal which sat before them. Dr. Averill ambled over to his seat at the head of the table, and Louis halfheartedly took the seat next to him, careful to position his body as to minimize the opportunity for eye contact between them.

“Margaret, would you take a seat please?” grunted Louis’ father. “I don’t have time to listen to your chitchat with our cooks, and my veal is growing colder by the minute.”

“Well, I don’t believe I’m going to bother touching this garbage,” countered Mrs. Averill, who pointed a finger in the direction of her dinner table but refused to look at it directly. “My standards for cuisine are far higher than this.”

Dr. Averill responded with an unmistakable frown and, by contrast, a much more forgiving tone. “I happen to think this meal is quite satisfactory. There isn’t a finer chef in New Hampshire than Miss Amelia, and veal has always been one of her specialties.” Amelia, who had been standing aloof near the kitchen door, was a beautiful young woman of about twenty-five; she quietly smiled and blushed, but in an instant, however, a vituperative glare from Mrs. Averill turned her face to a pale white.

“Well,” Mrs. Averill huffed, “I certainly don’t want your feelings for Amelia to corrupt your distinguished taste. I still have no idea how you talked me into hiring her, Benjamin, and now I think I’m finally coming to my senses. I’m firing her and searching for a more suitable cook tomorrow.”

Louis recoiled in shock as his father rose in a storm of fury. “You do not have the authority to make that decision, Margaret!” he bellowed. “Even our son here knows that Amelia’s cooking is unequaled in quality and originality.” Dr. Averill followed by placing a hand on Louis’ right shoulder and saying, “Am I correct, Louis?”

Arrantly flustered, Louis managed only a few words as he nervously spun his fork between his fingers. “I – uh, well I guess I, uh, never really did like a lot of our meals except, uh, maybe one or two.”

While a wry smile curled onto the lips of his mother, Louis was subsequently berated by his father for his “lack of respect”, “senselessness”, and “belligerence”. The animosity grew to such an extent that Dr. Averill pushed his son, now standing upright as well, in the direction of one of the tall glass windows that lined the dining room’s walls. Louis burst through the glass, tumbled onto the ground, and out of sheer instinct began to sprint away from the scene of the accident. The cuts from the glass stung as they were pelted with rain, for New England was in the midst of a record gale; after ten or so minutes, the youth collapsed on the side of the road about a mile from the Averill estate. Alas, it was only the second time all summer that the frail boy had left the confines of his expansive home. Alone and afraid in an unfamiliar world, Louis simply sat where he was and fell asleep.

Louis awoke to the sound of a compact car coming to a screeching halt a few feet from his head. From within the vehicle emerged a blonde-haired lady of middle age, who within seconds was bent on one knee inspected his damaged frame. After overcoming the shock of the situation, the woman said, “Hey, are you okay? Do you think you can stand up? That leg of yours seems to be mangled all right, and if you need help, I’ll try to help you into my car.”

The boy only nodded and groaned, struggling to roll over and lift himself to all fours. Upon trying to stand, his knee buckled and succumbed to the weight of his body. “Here, let me help,” said the woman, whose outstretched hand came as welcome relief to the crippled youth. Once seated in the passenger seat of the sedan, Louis began to fully comprehend the magnitude of his injuries. Bleeding cuts and open gashes abounded on his hips and torso, and searing pain rippled through his decimated right leg.

“Should I take you to the hospital? Where are your parents? Do you know their phone numbers?” The questions that spewed from the lady confused Louis further, and by nature he instructed her to drive to the “Averill estate off Birchwood Road.” Against her own intuition, the woman looked knowingly into the boy’s eyes and replied, “Okay, but only if you promise to let me bandage you up a little.” Louis complied, and after a few minutes’ work with an emergency first aid kit, he was on his way back home.

Though Dr. Averill curtly apologized to Louis a few days after the incident, he neglected to fully bear the blame for his son’s injury. He could never shake the thought, however, of the unnatural gait that Louis permanently developed during the days that followed the incident. The boy himself soon returned to his typical routine of work in his basement laboratory, and even created a robotic machine that stabilized his leg and alleviated the pain it often created. Though eternally a cripple, Louis Averill would grow to be a scientist as successful as his own father, albeit with a kinder heart and a purer conscience.

Postscript: The story of young Louis Averill is the tale of the god Hephaestus’ injury in modernized setting. Dr. Averill is Zeus, Mrs. Averill is Hera, Amelia is one of Zeus’ many mistresses, and the kind woman who rescued Louis is the sea goddess Thetis.

Sunday, April 10, 2011

Tale of Tempores

Hissing, bubbling, and boiling, the water of time underwent its usual midnight stir. Pains of exhaustion sizzled through the nerves of old Tempores, the lord of time, happenings, and occurrences. Although powerful, Tempores was not the average child of Zeus; his continuous labor kept him from mortals’ appreciation. Deep in the mountains of Crete, he devotedly stirred the waters of time through day and through night. Never was there a moment when Tempores was not fearful of what would happen should the water, which regulated progression of time, become stagnant.

Tempores’ work took such a toll on him that his age nearly prevailed over immortality. Never eating, never sleeping, and never dying, he continued on for years without complaint. Other deities, well aware of this, would occasionally toy with ideas about how to exploit his blind diligence. None of these schemes came to fruition, however, until Hera, queen of the gods, was desperate to reverse time itself.

There came a time when Hermes, the messenger god, approached Hera with a noticeably melancholy disposition. “Hera, today I bring unfortunate news that I know will dismay you,” he said.

“Is it Zeus again?” replied the goddess wryly. “What could he be up to this time?”

“No,” replied Hermes. “It’s your bird, the peacock. A reliable source of mine in the Orient relayed to me that disease has been rampant on his side of the world. The most susceptible to illness, apparently, are fowl and creatures that dwell in the air. The worst of it, however…” He trailed off. “My source said that your own peacock species has been entirely wiped out.”

Hera gasped. “Extinct?” she stammered.

“I’m afraid so,” replied the messenger god. “I’m sorry, but there’s nothing I can do. There’s nothing anyone can do.” He paused, and drew in a breath. “I suppose I’d best be on my way.” In a flash, Hermes took off into the distance.

“Nothing he can do,” muttered Hera, indignant. “Nothing he can do? Oh, I won’t let this happen. I’ll do something. I’ll do everything I can to bring my peacocks back.”

Just at that moment, a thought popped into Hera’s head. What about Tempores, that decrepit old timekeeper? Could the magic in his pot of water be powerful enough to reverse time? If it is, I can surely manipulate it and retrieve my sacred bird.

Slowly, a grin crawled across Hera’s lips. “Yes,” she murmured to herself. “Yes. This will work; I’m sure it will. All I will need is some quick action, and another deity to help me.”

As nighttime draped its blanket over the mountains of Crete, Tempores’ world remained untouched. The old man stirred the water of time, just as he had every other night of his existence. Softly, a breeze blew past, carrying a scent of pine and wildlife into the gloomy cave. Yet none of this reached Tempores, who had long since given up his attention to the life around him.

All of a sudden, a shimmering light grew from the entrance of the cave. A light humming noise rose to a blissful melody. With a trumpet’s blast, the goddess Aphrodite appeared in the cave of Tempores, most occupied and distracted of all gods.

Aghast, Tempores turned his gaze from the bubbling water. As if in a trance, he relaxed his grip on his ladle, allowing it to slip through his calloused fingers.

“Greetings, my Tempores,” said Aphrodite sweetly. Her words alone nearly made Tempores’ heart stop. “Hera says you must see the beauty of the world. I thought I’d be suited to show you; I, after all, am the goddess of beauty.”

Tempores, stupefied, could barely comprehend what was happening. Aphrodite’s presence made his mind swim. Repeatedly the word “beauty” rang through his head.

“Yes,” he sputtered, “Show me the beautiful world!”

“Let us begin,” said Aphrodite with a smile. At once, a window of light was fashioned by a flourish of her fingertips. The goddess seized Tempores’ hand and pulled him through the window, into the most pleasant forests and mountains that Mother Earth had to offer.

Not once did it occur to Tempores that by departing with Aphrodite, he left alone his cauldron of water. For the first time in terrestrial history, the waters of time stood stagnant.

Not long afterward, Hera slipped into the cave of old man Tempores. Eerie silence occupied the mountain cavern, filling Hera with apprehension. She knew that the timekeeper had dwelt there for his entire life, but no signs of tenancy were to be found. Nonetheless, the never-perishing pot of boiling water resided in the center of the cavern. A few feet away rested a large cast-iron ladle.

Hesitantly, Hera approached the cauldron and peered deep into the liquid. At once she realized that by looking into the water of time, she could view scenes of people from all across the nations. Her mind racing, Hera thought about her beloved peacock. Oh, how can I manipulate this water? I can feel its power, but cannot access my beloved birds!

Hera was stunned to see images of peacocks materialize in the water, as if in direct response to her thoughts. With fervor she thrust her right hand into the liquid in an attempt to carry a bird out into reality. To the goddess’ dismay, her efforts resulted simply in the creation of a puddle coming from the splash. Distraught and grief-stricken, Hera turned and began to walk away.

Then Hera’s ears detected a noise. Paranoid, she spun around only to notice two peacocks, exactly where the puddle had been. Overcome with triumph, Hera shouted for joy. “I knew it would work! I knew that this water had power! I knew it!” The peacock and peahen fluttered to her shoulders, recognizing Hera at once. “Now,” she whispered to the two birds, “peacocks will repopulate and never again be erased. I will make sure of that.”

After his hour-long excursion with Aphrodite, Tempores appeared right where he was before – in his cave, nestled in the mountains of Crete. Impulsively, he snatched the iron ladle and rushed to his cauldron. He stirred with all his might, and the water of time moved like it never had before. Only then did Tempores begin to realize that the water had remained lifeless for an entire hour. Slowing his pace, Tempores wondered, what happened to the waters? What happened to the progression of time? Did it slow, or did it quicken? Could it have stopped and later resumed? Oh, if only I had not been persuaded by that Aphrodite! Surely she was trying to prevent me from stirring this pot.

Neither Tempores nor Hera would ever know the full extent of what had happened that night. In reality, the water’s stagnancy caused an effect never before endured by humankind. Time did not stop – it simply replayed events from the past. While Tempores toured the outside world and Hera rescued her darling peacocks, everyone else experienced the very first déjà vu. From that time forward, Tempores never feared to relax for a while; little did he know of the untapped power held by the water of time.

sixty eight oh-nine

Our old house was on 6809 Old Post Road. “That’s right,” I can remember hearing my mom say. “Sixty eight oh-nine Old Post Road.” It was fun to say, the words tumbling off my tongue like little rocks. Sixty eight oh-nine Old Post Road. For the first five years of my life, it was the center of the world.

The house was two stories high, part of it brick, the other part wood. There was a big yard rolled out in back, with a tree house for me to climb whenever I wanted. The best part about our house, though, was the enormous school behind our backyard. If I climbed up on the tree house I could see it, like a big city right behind me. The big kids went to the big school, and sometimes they would play music right near the fence to my backyard. It was a birthday present, my mom told me. They were playing music for me on my birthday.

Old Post Road was always the best road, I had thought. It had lots of brothers and sisters nearby to keep it company. McLaughlin was the oldest, and Coatbridge was his best friend. There was little McIlroy and her sister Knell. Knell had a big brother, Donegal, and a big sister Knickerbocker. Old Post Road liked his cousin Beechdale the most, however; they would always be close friends. It was easy to make stories about Old Post Road, even if they weren’t true. It was my world, and I could make it whatever I wanted.

Even after we moved to our new house, Mom and Dad would drive back to our old house to see how it was doing. I never forgot where it was – sixty eight oh-nine Old Post Road. Every time we returned, though, I noticed new things. Different things. Why didn’t I notice them earlier?

The school behind our old backyard, East Mecklenburg High School, must have been turned into a jail. Just looking at it made me scared, not like a place where I would go to play with Nathan and listen to music – not even if it was my birthday. I didn’t like seeing all the old neighbors’ yards, full of angry wire fences and unruly grass that was taking over the pavement. I didn’t like seeing the “for sale” signs at every other house, or the old pool club with its snack shack crumbling like a stale cracker. I couldn’t even remember the names of Beechdale Drive and Coatbridge Lane, but it didn’t seem to matter because each road in my old neighborhood felt the same.

It was strange to go back to 6809 Old Post Road. I could hardly believe that it had been the center of my world.

APUSH essay | Harriet Beecher Stowe

Throughout the earth, there are innumerable cultures with characteristics and nuances so distinctive that they are somewhat like snowflakes, each different in its own ways. One widespread constant among cultures, however, is the innate inferiority of women in various societies. While the United States’ egalitarian principles have by the 21st century bucked that trend in its most egregious forms, the remarkable achievements of women of past generations have in no way diminished. Women of the 1800s were expected to adhere to the behaviors of the traditional “Republican mother”, in keeping with the established tasks of sewing, teaching, and child rearing. Of the small amount of exceptional women who defied this movement and used their natural abilities to make an impact on the world around them, few had an impact as momentous as that of Harriet Beecher Stowe. Through her most famous novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Stowe affected the hearts of thousands of Americans in the nineteenth century and beyond, and raised support for the anti-slavery movement in a powerful and meaningful way.

During her illustrious writing career, Stowe wrote over twenty books, all still cherished by many readers over a century after their publications. Although each of them represents Stowe’s sentimental writing style, none caused the momentous repercussions that Uncle Tom’s Cabin did after its publication in 1852. Initially found only in an anti-slavery newspaper, Uncle Tom’s Cabin very quickly became a national and international sensation. It delineated a heartfelt, albeit fictional, tale that exposed the cruelest injustices of slavery and forced the reader to sympathize with the slaves’ viewpoint virtually by default. Within a year of publication, nearly 300,000 copies of the novel were sold not only across the country but across the entire world. Before long, the story had reached the Queen of England, who was said to have wept after reading the heartrending tale. Through the compact message of a printed and mass-produced story, Stowe was able to bring her antislavery message to audiences far and wide, something that the orators and politicians of her time could not easily do. Also, by presenting her point in the form of a book, Stowe was able to bring the reality of slavery to people in faraway areas who would otherwise be unable to witness it firsthand. Although the readers of Uncle Tom’s Cabin were often hundreds of miles away from the plantations of the South, the emotionally moving scenes that were so vividly described by Stowe affected the hearts and souls of her audiences. Through the uniqueness of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Stowe achieved more than any other abolitionist or woman of her time could hope to accomplish.

While many 19th century female writing careers were restricted to romantic poetry or trivial works of fiction, Stowe used her fictional story to cause a significant change in the mindset of her readers toward the “peculiar institution” of slavery in the antebellum South. An apocryphal legend recounts Abraham Lincoln meeting Stowe and remarking, “So this is the little lady who started this big war.” While Lincoln likely never lavished such praise upon Stowe, his spurious comment possessed more than a little of the truth. What history reveals is that hundreds of thousands of people purchased Uncle Tom’s Cabin; however, the amount of people whose hearts and minds were changed due to reading the novel is left unquantifiable. The message sent by Uncle Tom’s Cabin was spread by both hard copies and word of mouth, meaning that by the mid-1850s, its anti-slavery sentiment had been spread to the far corners of the United States. The widespread abolitionist notion that resulted from the book’s release played right into the hands of the Union army. Its vast advantage over the Confederacy came in numbers – of the United States’ population of over 30 million people, 61% resided in Union land. Uncle Tom’s Cabin mobilized many of these people, inciting them to act upon a cause that offered more benefit for the enslaved people of the South than anyone else. Few Americans of the time possessed the power or influence to make such an impact on the war effort, but through the importance of her world-renowned novel, Stowe cemented her place in American history.

Although she was only a woman, Stowe was clearly unafraid to stir up controversy. One year after the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, she issued A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin in order to further clarify her point. Stowe had originally written Uncle Tom’s Cabin in reaction to the newly enacted Fugitive Slave Act, which forbade assistance of runaway slaves, even in non-slave states. Following its publication, Stowe embarked on several journeys to cities in both North America and Europe, enlightening audiences about the baneful effects of slavery and the prospects of emancipation. The powerful message sent by Uncle Tom’s Cabin had transformed Stowe, an unassuming woman from the north, into an international celebrity. Her newly acquired renown was significant not only because it raised awareness about the abolitionist movement and the seriousness of slavery, but also because she was breaking the traditional gender roles. Stowe was undaunted by expectations, however, freeing her to achieve heights previously not realized by her female predecessors.

A faithful wife and mother of seven, Harriet Beecher Stowe fulfilled far more than the standards set for her by society. By authoring Uncle Tom’s Cabin in protest to the “peculiar institution” of slavery, she utilized her captivating writing abilities to impact people’s hearts and minds on a subject that truly concerned her. The subject was not just important to Stowe; it was important to thousands, possibly millions of people of people of her time. A stand against slavery seemed unthinkable for a woman of the mid-1800s, yet Stowe accomplished that and more in her lifetime. By the conclusion of her life in 1896, Harriet Beecher Stowe transformed countless people and set an exemplary precedent for millions more to come.

APUSH essay | George Washington

No matter what their political views may have been, some American leaders garner unequivocal respect and admiration from their successors purely because of their impact on this nation’s history. Among these elite historical figures is George Washington, the United States’ first president, who famously conjectured in his Farewell Address about the “baneful effects of the spirit of [political] party.” Although his service as President has been cherished for centuries by Americans, his ominous forewarning against political faction was virtually disregarded. However, the election of 1828 substantiated Washington’s original statement, and ultimately the conflict between parties precipitated the infamous Civil War.

While election of any kind seems to be an innocuous method of selecting government officials, hotly contested elections both modern and of centuries past have created the negative effects that Washington predicted. Perhaps the most ruthless election to date was the presidential election of 1828, in which Andrew Jackson, a Democrat, sought to unseat the incumbent National Republican, John Quincy Adams. In the decision that became known as the “Corrupt Bargain”, both opposing parties presented brutal arguments against each other that were widely circulated among the public citizenry. Jacksonians accused Adams of wasting public funds on extravagant White House ornaments (such as a billiard table), and Republicans countered by producing a “coffin handbill” that intended to portray Jackson as a cold-blooded murderer. The most glaring effect of the parties’ harshness was seen in Jackson’s wife Rachel, who died in December of 1828 shortly following accusations of bigamy imputed by Adams’ camp.

From the United States’ first elections to the ballots of today, political parties have pulled Americans apart rather than bringing them together. Accusations between candidates of opposing parties culminated into the now-ubiquitous television attack ad, most famously shown in Lyndon Johnson’s “Daisy” advertisement in 1964 which illustrated the dangers of nuclear war, allusive to the rivaling Republican campaign of Barry Goldwater. Even in 1796, Washington anticipated the animosity that would eventually be shared by opposing divisions in American politics and feared for the country’s wellbeing. Over two hundred years later, derisive attacks from this nation’s leaders prove that there are significant drawbacks to the perennial two-party system.

Though the bitterness between parties can be caustic, the quarrels of a single election never approached the sectional conflict that in April 1861 became the American Civil War. In the 1856 and 1860 elections, the Democratic and Republican parties had become so regionally entrenched that the southern states were completely in favor of the former, and the northern states endorsed the latter exclusively. Instead of unifying the nation as some had hoped, it became evident in 1856 and 1860 that the two-party system was creating an irreparable divide between north and south, most notably in the well-established Democratic Party. Washington himself, by insisting that party divisions would be prone to occur on a geographical scale, projected the basic path of the Civil War that would become the deadliest conflict in American history. Not only was it the most lethal of American wars, it was the most painful for American citizens, some of whom witnessed their fathers and sons take opposing sides in a war that split more than just a country. In their futile effort for independence, the Confederates suffered a 30% death rate for white males aged between 18 and 40. Even the northern victors underwent a 10% death toll of males from ages 20-45. Surely those who disagreed with Washington and supported the two-party system would not have been in favor of the deaths incurred by the largely sectional Civil War. Unfortunately, the massive influence of Washington at the time was insufficient in compelling his countrymen to strictly prohibit the formation of political parties and possibly prevent the United States’ most deadly war.

Of the forty-four presidents of the United States of America, George Washington was the only one not vocationally associated with a political faction. Even though he was largely ignored in his plea to preserve the nation through the avoidance of such parties, his viewpoint exposed several of the flaws in a two-party system. Through issues both modern and of the country’s early days, Washington’s advice to the nation consistently rings true. He warned in 1796 against the “common and continual mischiefs of the spirit of party”, and in 2011, his words are as relevant as they ever were.

Jordan Baker

An athlete’s form, a female’s grace
A slender arm, a sunlit face
So quickly I my words misplace
As I enjoy her prized embrace

Mysterious, yet stirring, she
evokes an unseen lust in me
Alas, there is no price or fee
to purchase her reality

The Ravens

A tribute to the Baltimore Ravens’ 34-7 victory over the New York Giants in Super Bowl XXXV, in the style of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven"

Once upon a night most glorious, the better side emerged victorious
in the thirty-fifth edition of pro football’s storied game
‘Twas a contest that was over with a kick of ol’ Matt Stover
ne’er a charm nor four-leaf clover could have quelled the losers’ shame
Baltimore, a city starvéd by a dearth of football fame
justified the winners’ name

The great G-Men were dominated by a defense widely hated
Lewis, young, though underrated terrorized New York’s O-line
Stokley, Lewis, Starks, and Dilfer scored to help the victors pilfer
Vince’s trophy cast in silver, champions of a game divine
Three-point favorites clearly proved that they deserved a higher line
in the sport’s spectac’lar shrine

Yes, ‘tis true, this was the team that fled from Cleveland’s awful dream
Victors now, at last they seemed like champions, dignified once more
The football gods hath smiled upon the Super Bowl’s bright hashmarked lawn
Its outcome signaléd the dawn of one team’s proudest final score
Proud, one city now could boast a thirty-four to seven score
home of Ravens, “Baltimore”